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We began analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y, but it redirected us to https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y. The analysis below is for the second page.

Title[redir]:
Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease | Journal of Neural Transmission
Description:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1–2 per 1000 of the population at any time. PD prevalence is increasing with age and PD affects 1% of the population above 60 years. The main neuropathological finding is α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, manifesting as reduced facilitation of voluntary movements. With progression of PD, Lewy body pathology spreads to neocortical and cortical regions. PD is regarded as a movement disorder with three cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. A recent revision of the diagnostic criteria excludes postural instability as a fourth hallmark and defines supportive criteria, absolute exclusion criteria and red flags. Non-motor symptoms in PD have gained increasing attention and both motor and non-motor signs are now included among the supportive criteria. The cause of PD is unknown in most cases. Genetic risk factors have been identified, including monogenetic causes that are rare in unselected populations. Some genetic factor can be identified in 5–10% of the patients. Several environmental factors are associated with increased risk of PD. Autopsy studies show that the clinical diagnosis of PD is not confirmed at autopsy in a significant proportion of patients. Revised diagnostic criteria are expected to improve the clinician´s accuracy in diagnosing PD. Increasing knowledge on genetic and environmental risk factors of PD will probably elucidate the cause of this disease within the near future.

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Keywords {🔍}

disease, article, google, scholar, parkinsons, pubmed, cas, neurology, risk, neurol, criteria, incidence, study, disord, parkinson, tysnes, diagnostic, privacy, cookies, content, journal, research, prevalence, genetic, factors, clinical, diagnosis, access, parkinsonism, dois, populationbased, information, publish, search, epidemiology, review, storstein, time, increasing, nonmotor, symptoms, environmental, lancet, mov, doimds, liu, med, data, log, neural,

Topics {✒️}

month download article/chapter anette storstein full article pdf privacy choices/manage cookies de vos ra elderly research group article tysnes brain pathology related revised diagnostic criteria neural transmission aims main neuropathological finding autopsy studies show diagnostic subgroups classified motor symptoms access absolute exclusion criteria population-based cohorts european economic area jansen steur en abou-sleiman pm common lrrk2 mutation gba mutation carriers cannon-albright la amyotrophic lateral sclerosis haukeland university hospital ethics declarations conflict population-based study norwegian parkwest study defines supportive criteria conditions privacy policy movement disorder population-based analysis article journal lewy body parkinson accepting optional cookies gained increasing attention rocca wa emerging risk factor article log journal finder publish environmental risk factors genetic risk factors related subjects grobbee de article cite disease genetic predisposition mcdonnell sk larsen jp diagnostic criteria tysnes o author correspondence

Questions {❓}

Seljeseth YM, Vollset SE, Tysnes O-B (2000) Increasing mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway?
Stirpe P, Hoffman M, Badiali D, Colosimo C (2016) Constipation: an emerging risk factor for Parkinson’s disease?

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1–2 per 1000 of the population at any time. PD prevalence is increasing with age and PD affects 1% of the population above 60 years. The main neuropathological finding is α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, manifesting as reduced facilitation of voluntary movements. With progression of PD, Lewy body pathology spreads to neocortical and cortical regions. PD is regarded as a movement disorder with three cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. A recent revision of the diagnostic criteria excludes postural instability as a fourth hallmark and defines supportive criteria, absolute exclusion criteria and red flags. Non-motor symptoms in PD have gained increasing attention and both motor and non-motor signs are now included among the supportive criteria. The cause of PD is unknown in most cases. Genetic risk factors have been identified, including monogenetic causes that are rare in unselected populations. Some genetic factor can be identified in 5–10% of the patients. Several environmental factors are associated with increased risk of PD. Autopsy studies show that the clinical diagnosis of PD is not confirmed at autopsy in a significant proportion of patients. Revised diagnostic criteria are expected to improve the clinician´s accuracy in diagnosing PD. Increasing knowledge on genetic and environmental risk factors of PD will probably elucidate the cause of this disease within the near future.
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      description:Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 1–2 per 1000 of the population at any time. PD prevalence is increasing with age and PD affects 1% of the population above 60 years. The main neuropathological finding is α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, manifesting as reduced facilitation of voluntary movements. With progression of PD, Lewy body pathology spreads to neocortical and cortical regions. PD is regarded as a movement disorder with three cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. A recent revision of the diagnostic criteria excludes postural instability as a fourth hallmark and defines supportive criteria, absolute exclusion criteria and red flags. Non-motor symptoms in PD have gained increasing attention and both motor and non-motor signs are now included among the supportive criteria. The cause of PD is unknown in most cases. Genetic risk factors have been identified, including monogenetic causes that are rare in unselected populations. Some genetic factor can be identified in 5–10% of the patients. Several environmental factors are associated with increased risk of PD. Autopsy studies show that the clinical diagnosis of PD is not confirmed at autopsy in a significant proportion of patients. Revised diagnostic criteria are expected to improve the clinician´s accuracy in diagnosing PD. Increasing knowledge on genetic and environmental risk factors of PD will probably elucidate the cause of this disease within the near future.
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