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  1. Analyzed Page
  2. Matching Content Categories
  3. CMS
  4. Monthly Traffic Estimate
  5. How Does Doi.org Make Money
  6. Keywords
  7. Topics
  8. Questions
  9. Schema
  10. External Links
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We began analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00428-021-03066-w, but it redirected us to https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00428-021-03066-w. The analysis below is for the second page.

Title[redir]:
Pathophysiology of reflux oesophagitis: role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and Farnesoid X receptor | Virchows Archiv
Description:
The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not fully understood. It involves the activation of mucosal immune-mediated and inflammatory responses. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system; they recognize microbial and endogenous ligands. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor that regulates the inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate TLR2, TLR4 and FXR expression patterns in GERD. We re-evaluated 84 oesophageal biopsy samples according to the global severity (GS) score, including 26 cases with histologically normal oesophagus, 28 with histologically mild oesophagitis and 30 with severe oesophagitis. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to assess the expression patterns of TLR2, TLR4 and FXR in oesophageal squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR2 was expressed predominantly in the basal layer of normal oesophageal epithelium. In oesophagitis, TLR2 expression increased throughout the epithelium, and the superficial expression was significantly more intensive compared to normal epithelium, p <0.01. Nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR4 was expressed throughout the thickness of squamous epithelium, with no change in oesophagitis. FXR was expressed in the nuclei of squamous cells, and the intensity of the expression increased significantly in oesophagitis (p <0.05). FXR expression correlated with basal TLR2. In situ hybridization confirmed the immunohistochemical expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR4. In GERD, TLR2, but not TLR4, expression was upregulated which indicates that innate immunity is activated according to a specific pattern in GERD. FXR expression was increased in GERD and might have a regulatory connection to TLR2.

Matching Content Categories {📚}

  • Education
  • Science
  • Photography

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is doi.org built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Doi.org, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of doi.org audience?

🏙️ Massive Traffic: 50M - 100M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 80,486,609 visitors per month in the current month.

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How Does Doi.org Make Money? {💸}

We're unsure if the website is profiting.

Not every website is profit-driven; some are created to spread information or serve as an online presence. Websites can be made for many reasons. This could be one of them. Doi.org might be earning cash quietly, but we haven't detected the monetization method.

Keywords {🔍}

tlr, oesophagitis, expression, fxr, article, epithelium, google, scholar, reflux, squamous, oesophageal, normal, cas, receptor, basal, gerd, superficial, inflammatory, staining, nuclear, patients, tolllike, receptors, cells, showed, histological, table, study, esophagitis, oulu, activation, acid, increased, role, nortunen, gastroesophageal, bile, expressed, layer, levels, data, minna, disease, oesophagus, cytoplasmic, significantly, epithelial, endoscopic, mild, severe,

Topics {✒️}

intracellular myd88/nf-κb pathway rt-pcr-based expression analyses article download pdf gastro-esophageal reflux disease formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded high-temperature antigen retrieval cytokine-mediated inflammatory response pro-inflammatory cascade activated metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence [11] bile-mediated tissue damage nf-κb pathway tlr4-mediated inflammatory response ph monitoring–based diagnosis rnascope® probe- hs-tlr4 pattern-recognition receptors vital open source software dots/squamous epithelial cells anti-inflammatory responses privacy choices/manage cookies cytokine-mediated mechanism full access bacterial species-related differences inflammatory response mediated compound lymphocytic-eosinophilic oesophagitis experimental rat model squamous epithelial hyperplasia bile acid receptor acid-induced damage inflammatory bowel disease commensally induced pyroptosis thelma mäkikyrö foundation gastroesophageal reflux disease mucosal immune-mediated epithelial barrier preservation tlr signaling pathways virchows archiv juha saarnio contributed histologically normal oesophagus inflamed oesophageal epithelium oesophageal squamous epithelium bile acid activation oesophageal squamous cells de dombal ft inflamed squamous epithelium transoral incisionless fundoplication acidified bile salts normal oesophageal epithelium inflammation-induced damage oulu university hospital intestinal bile acids

Questions {❓}

  • Could different TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels in oesophagitis be associated with disease-related changes in the oesophageal microbiome?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Pathophysiology of reflux oesophagitis: role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and Farnesoid X receptor
         description:The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not fully understood. It involves the activation of mucosal immune-mediated and inflammatory responses. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system; they recognize microbial and endogenous ligands. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor that regulates the inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate TLR2, TLR4 and FXR expression patterns in GERD. We re-evaluated 84 oesophageal biopsy samples according to the global severity (GS) score, including 26 cases with histologically normal oesophagus, 28 with histologically mild oesophagitis and 30 with severe oesophagitis. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to assess the expression patterns of TLR2, TLR4 and FXR in oesophageal squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR2 was expressed predominantly in the basal layer of normal oesophageal epithelium. In oesophagitis, TLR2 expression increased throughout the epithelium, and the superficial expression was significantly more intensive compared to normal epithelium, p <0.01. Nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR4 was expressed throughout the thickness of squamous epithelium, with no change in oesophagitis. FXR was expressed in the nuclei of squamous cells, and the intensity of the expression increased significantly in oesophagitis (p <0.05). FXR expression correlated with basal TLR2. In situ hybridization confirmed the immunohistochemical expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR4. In GERD, TLR2, but not TLR4, expression was upregulated which indicates that innate immunity is activated according to a specific pattern in GERD. FXR expression was increased in GERD and might have a regulatory connection to TLR2.
         datePublished:2021-03-08T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2021-03-08T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:285
         pageEnd:293
         license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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            Reflux oesophagitis
            TLR2
            TLR4
            FXR
            Pathology
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                        name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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      headline:Pathophysiology of reflux oesophagitis: role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and Farnesoid X receptor
      description:The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not fully understood. It involves the activation of mucosal immune-mediated and inflammatory responses. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR4 are pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system; they recognize microbial and endogenous ligands. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor that regulates the inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate TLR2, TLR4 and FXR expression patterns in GERD. We re-evaluated 84 oesophageal biopsy samples according to the global severity (GS) score, including 26 cases with histologically normal oesophagus, 28 with histologically mild oesophagitis and 30 with severe oesophagitis. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to assess the expression patterns of TLR2, TLR4 and FXR in oesophageal squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR2 was expressed predominantly in the basal layer of normal oesophageal epithelium. In oesophagitis, TLR2 expression increased throughout the epithelium, and the superficial expression was significantly more intensive compared to normal epithelium, p <0.01. Nuclear and cytoplasmic TLR4 was expressed throughout the thickness of squamous epithelium, with no change in oesophagitis. FXR was expressed in the nuclei of squamous cells, and the intensity of the expression increased significantly in oesophagitis (p <0.05). FXR expression correlated with basal TLR2. In situ hybridization confirmed the immunohistochemical expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR4. In GERD, TLR2, but not TLR4, expression was upregulated which indicates that innate immunity is activated according to a specific pattern in GERD. FXR expression was increased in GERD and might have a regulatory connection to TLR2.
      datePublished:2021-03-08T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2021-03-08T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:285
      pageEnd:293
      license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-021-03066-w
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         Reflux oesophagitis
         TLR2
         TLR4
         FXR
         Pathology
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00428-021-03066-w/MediaObjects/428_2021_3066_Fig1_HTML.png
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00428-021-03066-w/MediaObjects/428_2021_3066_Fig2_HTML.png
      isPartOf:
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            1432-2307
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            type:ImageObject
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      author:
            name:Minna Nortunen
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-150X
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
                     type:PostalAddress
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                  name:Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu
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                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
                     type:PostalAddress
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            type:Person
            name:Katja Porvari
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Juha Saarnio
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
                  address:
                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
                     type:PostalAddress
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                     name:Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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                  type:Organization
                  name:Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu
                  address:
                     name:Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
                     type:PostalAddress
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            type:Person
            name:Tuomo J Karttunen
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                  name:Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital
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                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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                     name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
      name:Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
      name:Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
      name:Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
      name:Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland

External Links {🔗}(214)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

  • Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

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Emails and Hosting {✉️}

Mail Servers:

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Name Servers:

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CDN Services {📦}

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4.28s.