We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40478-021-01145-2.

Title:
Cell specific quantitative iron mapping on brain slices by immuno-µPIXE in healthy elderly and Parkinson’s disease | Acta Neuropathologica Communications
Description:
Iron is essential for neurons and glial cells, playing key roles in neurotransmitter synthesis, energy production and myelination. In contrast, high concentrations of free iron can be detrimental and contribute to neurodegeneration, through promotion of oxidative stress. Particularly in Parkinson’s disease (PD) changes in iron concentrations in the substantia nigra (SN) was suggested to play a key role in degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in nigrosome 1. However, the cellular iron pathways and the mechanisms of the pathogenic role of iron in PD are not well understood, mainly due to the lack of quantitative analytical techniques for iron quantification with subcellular resolution. Here, we quantified cellular iron concentrations and subcellular iron distributions in dopaminergic neurons and different types of glial cells in the SN both in brains of PD patients and in non-neurodegenerative control brains (Co). To this end, we combined spatially resolved quantitative element mapping using micro particle induced X-ray emission (µPIXE) with nickel-enhanced immunocytochemical detection of cell type-specific antigens allowing to allocate element-related signals to specific cell types. Distinct patterns of iron accumulation were observed across different cell populations. In the control (Co) SNc, oligodendroglial and astroglial cells hold the highest cellular iron concentration whereas in PD, the iron concentration was increased in most cell types in the substantia nigra except for astroglial cells and ferritin-positive oligodendroglial cells. While iron levels in astroglial cells remain unchanged, ferritin in oligodendroglial cells seems to be depleted by almost half in PD. The highest cellular iron levels in neurons were located in the cytoplasm, which might increase the source of non-chelated Fe3+, implicating a critical increase in the labile iron pool. Indeed, neuromelanin is characterised by a significantly higher loading of iron including most probable the occupancy of low-affinity iron binding sites. Quantitative trace element analysis is essential to characterise iron in oxidative processes in PD. The quantification of iron provides deeper insights into changes of cellular iron levels in PD and may contribute to the research in iron-chelating disease-modifying drugs.
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Keywords {🔍}

iron, article, google, scholar, pubmed, cells, cas, brain, disease, cell, neurons, parkinsons, fig, cellular, substantia, sections, nigra, oligodendroglial, controls, quantitative, nigrosome, neuromelanin, concentrations, analysis, increase, human, patients, ferritin, central, content, microglial, tissue, httpsdoiorgs, role, increased, levels, loss, neuronal, res, morawski, glial, types, distribution, total, data, research, brains, element, antibody, specific,

Topics {✒️}

müdigkeit und restless-legs-syndrom custom-made 2-channel radio-frequency full size image anti-olig2-immunoreactive oligodendroglial cells anti-ferritin-immunoreactive oligodendroglial cells iron-chelating disease-modifying drugs low-affinity binding sites olig2-stained oligodendroglial cells semi-quantitative histochemical methods scale bar 20 μm oxidation-induced ferritin turnover cell type-specific antigens anti-hucd-stained sections article download pdf ferritin-stained oligodendroglial cells β-amyloid precursor protein proton induced x-rays donkey anti-goat igg employed x-ray detector cell-type-specific antigen quantitative element mapping nitric oxide-induced loss allocate element-related signals donkey anti-mouse igg ferritin-loaded microglial cells donkey anti-rat igg anti-olig2 antibody show donkey anti-rabbit igg fluorescence-phase contrast microscope fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies ferritin-positive oligodendroglial cells block endogenous peroxidase-activity quantitative susceptibility mapping anti-glial cell markers high-resolution quantitative maps high-affinity binding sides quantitative iron mapping stained oligodendroglial cells increased pro-inflammatory state 5 mg dab/ml tris–hcl repetition time tr = 60 ms iron-related genes polymorphisms anti-olig2 positive oligodendrocytes nickel-enhanced immunocytochemical detection ferritin-de-novo-synthesis iron remains redox-inactive ferritin-rich domains x-ray energy �swallow tail” sign era-net neuron

Questions {❓}

Friedman A, Galazka-Friedman J, Koziorowski D (2009) Iron as a cause of Parkinson disease – a myth or a well established hypothesis?
Gerlach M, Ben-Shachar D, Riederer P et al (1994) Altered brain metabolism of iron as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases?
Kaur D, Andersen J (2004) Does cellular iron dysregulation play a causative role in Parkinson’s disease?

Schema {🗺️}

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               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
            address:
               name:Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
PostalAddress:
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
      name:Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany

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