We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1755-1536-3-2.

Title:
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in primary human bronchial epithelial cells is Smad-dependent and enhanced by fibronectin and TNF-α | Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair
Description:
Background Defective epithelial repair, excess fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, collagen overproduction and fibrosis occur in a number of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. Pathological conversion of epithelial cells into fibroblasts (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) has been proposed as a mechanism for the increased fibroblast numbers and has been demonstrated to occur in lung alveolar epithelial cells. Whether other airway cell types also have the capability to undergo EMT has been less explored so far. A better understanding of the full extent of EMT in airways, and the underlying mechanisms, can provide important insights into airway disease pathology and enable the development of new therapies. The main aim of this study was to test whether primary human bronchial epithelial cells are able to undergo EMT in vitro and to investigate the effect of various profibrotic factors in the process. Results Our data demonstrate that primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) are able to undergo EMT in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), as revealed by typical morphological alterations and EMT marker progression at the RNA level by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and, at the protein level, by western blot. By using pharmacological inhibitors we show that this is a Smad-dependent mechanism and is independent of extracellular signal-related kinase pathway activation. Additional cytokines and growth factors such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were also tested, alone or in combination with TGF-β1. TNF-α markedly enhances the effect of TGF-β1 on EMT, whereas IL1β shows only a very weak effect and CTGF has no significant effect. We have also found that cell-matrix contact, in particular to fibronectin, an ECM component upregulated in fibrotic lesions, potentiates EMT in both human alveolar epithelial cells and HBECs. Furthermore, we also show that the collagen discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), generally expressed in epithelial cells, is downregulated during the EMT of bronchial epithelium whereas DDR2 is unaffected. Our results also suggest that bone morphogenetic protein-4 is likely to have a context dependent effect during the EMT of HBECs, being able to induce the expression of EMT markers and, at the same time, to inhibit TGF-β induced epithelial transdifferentiation. Conclusions The results presented in this study provide additional insights into EMT, a potentially very important mechanism in fibrogenesis. We show that, in addition to alveolar epithelial type II cells, primary HBECs are also able to undergo EMT in vitro upon TGF-β1 stimulation via a primarily Smad 2/3 dependent mechanism. The effect of TGF-β1 is potentiated on fibronectin matrix and in the presence of TNF-α, representing a millieu reminiscent of fibrotic lesions. Our results can contribute to a better understanding of lung fibrosis and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Keywords {🔍}

emt, epithelial, cells, pubmed, tgfβ, article, google, scholar, expression, bmp, hbecs, cas, cell, fibrosis, human, lung, growth, mesenchymal, ddr, mmp, bronchial, transition, factor, pulmonary, collagen, effect, figure, matrix, protein, tissue, airway, central, fibronectin, role, analysis, transforming, presence, fibroblasts, disease, pathway, upregulation, data, tnfα, vitro, shown, inhibitor, tgfbeta, epithelialmesenchymal, mechanism, alveolar,

Topics {✒️}

gsk-3beta/beta-catenin pathway slug-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition tumour necrosis factor-alpha α-smooth muscle actin transforming growth factor-beta1 epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced scar-forming gestational ages transforming growth factor-β1 beta1-induced extracellular matrix article download pdf induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition western-blot analysis shows western-blot analysis confirms nf-κb/nox4 pathway cell-matrix adhesion contacts reverse tgf-β1-induced emt cell-extracellular matrix remodelling tgf-beta family signalling epithelial marker e-cad tumour necrosis factor bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis promotes tumor invasion transforming growth factor full access epithelial-mesenchymal transition epithelial mesenchymal transition epithelial-mesenchymal transition mesenchymal cell transition polarized epithelial cells article câmara tgf-beta1-induced emt modulate tgf-β activity epithelial cell-cell idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis connective tissue synthesis epithelial cell lines mesenchymal markers n-cad bronchial epithelial cell bmc cell biol tgf-beta-induced emt house-keeping gene gapdh canonical smad-dependent pathway tnf-α markedly enhances reduces e-cad expression epithelial-mesenchymal interactions tnf-α markedly enhanced tgf-β-mediated differentiation decrease lec migration poly-d-lysine rt gabor jarai

Questions {❓}

Selman M, Pardo A, Kaminski N: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: aberrant recapitulation of developmental programs?

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