We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2172-6-3.

Title:
Human CD57+ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination | BMC Immunology
Description:
Background The function of CD57+ CD4+ T cells, constituting a major subset of germinal center T (GC-Th) cells in human lymphoid tissues, has been unclear. There have been contradictory reports regarding the B cell helping function of CD57+ GC-Th cells in production of immunoglobulin (Ig). Furthermore, the cytokine and co-stimulation requirement for their helper activity remains largely unknown. To clarify and gain more insight into their function in helping B cells, we systematically investigated the capacity of human tonsil CD57+ GC-Th cells in inducing B cell Ig synthesis. Results We demonstrated that CD57+ GC-Th cells are highly efficient in helping B cell production of all four subsets of Ig (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) compared to other T-helper cells located in germinal centers or interfollicular areas. CD57+ GC-Th cells were particularly more efficient than other T cells in helping GC-B cells but not naïve B cells. CD57+ GC-Th cells induced the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and class switch recombination in developing B cells. IgG1-3 and IgA1 were the major Ig isotypes induced by CD57+ GC-Th cells. CD40L, but not IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, was critical in CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven B cell production of Ig. However, IL-10, when added exogenously, significantly enhanced the helper activity of CD57+ GC-Th cells, while TGF-β1 completely and IFN-γ partially suppressed the CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven Ig production. Conclusions CD57+CD4+ T cells in the germinal centers of human lymphoid tissues are the major T helper cell subset for GC-B cells in Ig synthesis. Their helper activity is consistent with their capacity to induce AID and class switch recombination, and can be regulated by CD40L, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β.
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Keywords {🔍}

cells, gcth, cell, pubmed, article, cas, google, scholar, igg, helper, production, human, germinal, gcb, figure, naïve, iga, ige, switch, activity, immunol, expression, aid, subsets, cdl, center, igm, cultures, recombination, centers, ifnγ, class, cdcd, antibody, study, shown, synthesis, efficient, tgfβ, isolated, kim, tonsil, cytokines, authors, induce, capacity, added, antibodies, total, levels,

Topics {✒️}

b-cell-homing chemokine made igg2a-committed lps-stimulated murine thymus-dependent b-cell activation classical t-helper cells x-linked hyper-igm syndrome t-helper cells located rna-editing deaminase family article download pdf paired t-test bio-rad mrc 1024uv activation-induced cytidine deaminase activation-induced cytosine deaminase germinal center-localized subset full size image sepharose-conjugated rabbit ab class switch recombination tgf-β1 negatively regulate ifn-gamma enhances secretion tgf-β1 completely suppresses class-switched ig isotypes regulates switch recombination purified cd154-blocking antibody essential ligand-receptor pair productive recombination products tgf-β1 completely suppressed ifn-γ partially suppressed g-actin-forward-1 primer helper subset responsible cd57+ gc-derived helper human monoclonal igm+igd+ cognate t ifn-γ producing cells cell-driven ig synthesis leukemia research foundation cell-driven ig production follicle chemokine implicated express surface tgf-β pan-mouse igg beads x-linked immunodeficiency authors’ original file immunoglobulin class switching genomic/extrachromosomal dna privacy choices/manage cookies exogenously-added il-10 enhances extrachromosomal switch circles cells act differently activation-induced deaminase helper cell subset immunoglobulin smu region human germinal center

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WebPage:
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         headline:Human CD57+ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination
         description:The function of CD57+ CD4+ T cells, constituting a major subset of germinal center T (GC-Th) cells in human lymphoid tissues, has been unclear. There have been contradictory reports regarding the B cell helping function of CD57+ GC-Th cells in production of immunoglobulin (Ig). Furthermore, the cytokine and co-stimulation requirement for their helper activity remains largely unknown. To clarify and gain more insight into their function in helping B cells, we systematically investigated the capacity of human tonsil CD57+ GC-Th cells in inducing B cell Ig synthesis. We demonstrated that CD57+ GC-Th cells are highly efficient in helping B cell production of all four subsets of Ig (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) compared to other T-helper cells located in germinal centers or interfollicular areas. CD57+ GC-Th cells were particularly more efficient than other T cells in helping GC-B cells but not naïve B cells. CD57+ GC-Th cells induced the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and class switch recombination in developing B cells. IgG1-3 and IgA1 were the major Ig isotypes induced by CD57+ GC-Th cells. CD40L, but not IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, was critical in CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven B cell production of Ig. However, IL-10, when added exogenously, significantly enhanced the helper activity of CD57+ GC-Th cells, while TGF-β1 completely and IFN-γ partially suppressed the CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven Ig production. CD57+CD4+ T cells in the germinal centers of human lymphoid tissues are the major T helper cell subset for GC-B cells in Ig synthesis. Their helper activity is consistent with their capacity to induce AID and class switch recombination, and can be regulated by CD40L, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β.
         datePublished:2005-02-04T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2005-02-04T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
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            Class Switch Recombination
            Helper Activity
            Human Tonsil
            Helper Cell Subset
            Immunology
            Allergology
            Vaccine
            Cytokines and Growth Factors
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      headline:Human CD57+ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination
      description:The function of CD57+ CD4+ T cells, constituting a major subset of germinal center T (GC-Th) cells in human lymphoid tissues, has been unclear. There have been contradictory reports regarding the B cell helping function of CD57+ GC-Th cells in production of immunoglobulin (Ig). Furthermore, the cytokine and co-stimulation requirement for their helper activity remains largely unknown. To clarify and gain more insight into their function in helping B cells, we systematically investigated the capacity of human tonsil CD57+ GC-Th cells in inducing B cell Ig synthesis. We demonstrated that CD57+ GC-Th cells are highly efficient in helping B cell production of all four subsets of Ig (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) compared to other T-helper cells located in germinal centers or interfollicular areas. CD57+ GC-Th cells were particularly more efficient than other T cells in helping GC-B cells but not naïve B cells. CD57+ GC-Th cells induced the expression of activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and class switch recombination in developing B cells. IgG1-3 and IgA1 were the major Ig isotypes induced by CD57+ GC-Th cells. CD40L, but not IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, was critical in CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven B cell production of Ig. However, IL-10, when added exogenously, significantly enhanced the helper activity of CD57+ GC-Th cells, while TGF-β1 completely and IFN-γ partially suppressed the CD57+ GC-Th cell-driven Ig production. CD57+CD4+ T cells in the germinal centers of human lymphoid tissues are the major T helper cell subset for GC-B cells in Ig synthesis. Their helper activity is consistent with their capacity to induce AID and class switch recombination, and can be regulated by CD40L, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β.
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         Germinal Center
         Class Switch Recombination
         Helper Activity
         Human Tonsil
         Helper Cell Subset
         Immunology
         Allergology
         Vaccine
         Cytokines and Growth Factors
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               type:PostalAddress
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      name:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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      name:Sagamore Surgical Center, Lafayette, USA
      name:Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathobiology, Purdue Cancer Center; Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, USA
      name:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

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