We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2172-10-56.

Title:
The inhibitory receptor LILRB4 (ILT3) modulates antigen presenting cell phenotype and, along with LILRB2 (ILT4), is upregulated in response to Salmonella infection | BMC Immunology
Description:
Background Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) are a family of innate immune receptors with immunomodulatory functions. High-level expression of the receptors LILRB2 (ILT4) and LILRB4 (ILT3) is a feature of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and has been observed in cancer and transplant situations. There are relatively few studies regarding these receptors in the context of infection and it is not yet clear how LILRB4 exerts its inhibitory effects. Results We studied the effects of LILRB4 ligation on antigen presenting cell phenotype, and the expression of LILRB2 and LILRB4 on Salmonella- infected antigen presenting cells. Ligation of LILRB4 throughout in vitro culture of dendritic cells led to an upregulation of the co-stimulatory protein CD86. Alterations in the production of IL-8 and IL-10 by LILRB4-ligated macrophages were also observed. Infection with Salmonella typhimurium or TLR stimulation with Salmonella components led to an upregulation of LILRB2 and LILRB4. Conclusion Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of LILRB4 do not result from a failure to upregulate co-stimulatory proteins. In addition to the high level expression that can render antigen presenting cells tolerogenic, there may be a role for lower level expression and activity of LILRB2 and LILRB4 in response to TLR signalling during an immune response to bacterial infection.
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Keywords {🔍}

lilrb, cells, article, cell, pubmed, expression, dendritic, google, scholar, antigen, presenting, cas, salmonella, immune, ilt, inhibitory, receptor, infection, macrophages, response, receptors, figure, ligation, lps, lilr, effects, culture, tlr, performed, typhimurium, analysis, innate, cultured, immunol, authors, observed, upregulation, cytokine, phenotype, studies, results, isotype, control, human, flow, antibody, protein, role, surface, treatment,

Topics {✒️}

alloantigen specific cd8+cd28-foxp3+ cytokine secretion profile disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs real-time pcr assay nicolas lapaque mixed leukocyte reactions open access article full size image il-10 inhibits endothelium-dependent hu-nod/scid mice article download pdf lilr expression profile assess cytokine profiles real-time pcr monocyte-derived dendritic cells receptor-induced interferon production infected monocyte-derived macrophages infect monocyte-derived macrophages similar expression profiles lilrb4-ligated dendritic cells antigen presenting cell lps-matured dendritic cells il-10-induced dendritic cells innate/adaptive immune regulation aspirin-treated human dcs leukaemia research fund monocyte-derived macrophages treated vitro-cultured dendritic cells cell-cell contact antigen presenting cells tolerogenic dendritic cells typhimurium previously heat-killed 50 ng/ml m-csf dendritic cell stimulators privacy choices/manage cookies innate immune cells human dendritic cells full access arthritis research campaign authors’ original file cytokine bead array manavalan js dendritic cells led dendritic cells involved dendritic cells resulting innate immune receptors cell-surface phenotype immune inhibitory nature monocyte-derived macrophages cell surface markers

Schema {🗺️}

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         description:Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) are a family of innate immune receptors with immunomodulatory functions. High-level expression of the receptors LILRB2 (ILT4) and LILRB4 (ILT3) is a feature of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and has been observed in cancer and transplant situations. There are relatively few studies regarding these receptors in the context of infection and it is not yet clear how LILRB4 exerts its inhibitory effects. We studied the effects of LILRB4 ligation on antigen presenting cell phenotype, and the expression of LILRB2 and LILRB4 on Salmonella- infected antigen presenting cells. Ligation of LILRB4 throughout in vitro culture of dendritic cells led to an upregulation of the co-stimulatory protein CD86. Alterations in the production of IL-8 and IL-10 by LILRB4-ligated macrophages were also observed. Infection with Salmonella typhimurium or TLR stimulation with Salmonella components led to an upregulation of LILRB2 and LILRB4. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of LILRB4 do not result from a failure to upregulate co-stimulatory proteins. In addition to the high level expression that can render antigen presenting cells tolerogenic, there may be a role for lower level expression and activity of LILRB2 and LILRB4 in response to TLR signalling during an immune response to bacterial infection.
         datePublished:2009-10-27T00:00:00Z
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      description:Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) are a family of innate immune receptors with immunomodulatory functions. High-level expression of the receptors LILRB2 (ILT4) and LILRB4 (ILT3) is a feature of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and has been observed in cancer and transplant situations. There are relatively few studies regarding these receptors in the context of infection and it is not yet clear how LILRB4 exerts its inhibitory effects. We studied the effects of LILRB4 ligation on antigen presenting cell phenotype, and the expression of LILRB2 and LILRB4 on Salmonella- infected antigen presenting cells. Ligation of LILRB4 throughout in vitro culture of dendritic cells led to an upregulation of the co-stimulatory protein CD86. Alterations in the production of IL-8 and IL-10 by LILRB4-ligated macrophages were also observed. Infection with Salmonella typhimurium or TLR stimulation with Salmonella components led to an upregulation of LILRB2 and LILRB4. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of LILRB4 do not result from a failure to upregulate co-stimulatory proteins. In addition to the high level expression that can render antigen presenting cells tolerogenic, there may be a role for lower level expression and activity of LILRB2 and LILRB4 in response to TLR signalling during an immune response to bacterial infection.
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         Antigen Present Cell
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         Mixed Leukocyte Reaction
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         Immunology
         Allergology
         Vaccine
         Cytokines and Growth Factors
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