We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43032-023-01372-z.

Title:
Exploring Natural Killer Cell Testing in Embryo Implantation and Reproductive Failure: An Overview of Techniques and Controversies | Reproductive Sciences
Description:
The blastocyst nidation is the most crucial stage to a successful pregnancy, as the white cells work to promote a favorable endometrial microenvironment for this process. Intriguingly, this implantation window lasts, on average, 6 days in most regular women, and its quality is affected by many pathological conditions. Since the grounds of reproductive failure in healthy couples are still uncharted, studies have widely suggested a potential hostile role of the immune system in the equilibrium of the maternal–fetal interface. In recent years, natural killer cells have been the highlight as they represent the greatest lymphocyte in the uterus and have immune surveillance through cytotoxicity during the implantation window. This review explored the main techniques used for natural killer (NK) cell testing in the implantation window over the last 13 years on the PubMed® database. Of 2167 published articles potentially relevant for the review, only thirty-three were about cell evaluation in healthy women, met the inclusion criteria, and had their methodology critically analyzed. Here, we bring a summary from the study group and sample collection to evidence comments about their findings and correlations. Meanwhile, we also summarize the current relationship between NK cells and endometrial receptivity with reproductive failure to help enhance the possibilities for future research. In conclusion, our overview points out that restricted and unstandardized methods support the controversy between the NK population and unsuccessful embryo implantation, which is an obstacle to studying why healthy eggs do not thrive and finding a solution for one of the most controversial topics in human reproduction.
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Keywords {🔍}

article, google, scholar, pubmed, cas, immunol, cells, natural, killer, cell, pregnancy, reprod, implantation, central, failure, recurrent, immune, front, peripheral, blood, httpsdoiorgfimmu, women, endometrial, human, uterine, reproductive, zhang, expression, role, httpsdoiorgjjri, cytotoxicity, patients, chen, wang, embryo, httpsdoiorgs, httpsdoiorgaji, sci, function, maternalfetal, loss, decidual, data, review, nkt, repeated, fertil, huang, liu, receptors,

Topics {✒️}

/editorial-articles/357846-flow-cytometry-sample-prep-mistakes juliana peron gothe previous fresh-embryo-transfer failure car-nk cell-based immunotherapy month download article/chapter dons’koi bv receptor/human leukocyte antigen assisted reproductive medicine immunophenotypic profile associations granzyme b-mediated proteolysis mediates perforin-independent apoptosis nkp30-activating receptors expressed hsp-70-derived 14-mer peptide article gothe maternal-fetal immune microenvironment granzyme b-expressing γδ embryo implantation window peripheral natural killer natural killer cells patients undergoing ivf/icsi uterine natural killer natural killer t endometrial natural killer recurrent miscarriages-preliminary studies blastocyst nidation endometrial receptivity telling killer-cell immunoglobulin uterine nk cells full article pdf pd-1/pd-l1 pathway low cytotoxic activity implantation window lasts human nk cells dnam-1 activating receptor nk cell cytotoxicity favorable endometrial microenvironment peripheral lymphocyte counts immune checkpoint inhibitors recurrent reproductive failure human embryo implantation immune-modulator receptor blocking pcna interaction granulysin-mediated delivery male reproductive tract natural cytotoxicity receptors rodríguez de frías guerau-de-arellano privacy choices/manage cookies peripheral blood sampling bmc pregnancy childbirth

Questions {❓}

Are different markers of endometrial receptivity telling us different things about endometrial function?
Are uterine natural killer and plasma cells in infertility patients associated with endometriosis, repeated implantation failure, or recurrent pregnancy loss?
Correlation of peripheral blood and endometrial immunophenotyping in ART: is peripheral blood sampling useful?
DNAM-1 activating receptor and its ligands: how do viruses affect the NK cell-mediated immune surveillance during the various phases of infection?
Do endometrial natural killer and regulatory T cells differ in infertile and clinical pregnancy patients?
How do uterine natural killer and innate lymphoid cells contribute to successful pregnancy?
What exactly is endometrial receptivity?
Where and when should natural killer cells be tested in women with repeated implantation failure?

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