We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11481-005-9000-4.

Title:
Impact of Opiate–HIV-1 Interactions on Neurotoxic Signaling | Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Description:
Opiate drug abuse exacerbates the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the central nervous system through direct actions on glia and neurons. Opiate abuse causes widespread disruption of astroglial and microglial function, and significant increases in astroglial-derived proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which likely contributes to neuronal dysfunction, death, and HIV encephalitis. Neurons are also directly affected by opiate–HIV-1 interactions. HIV-1 and the viral proteins gp120 and Tat activate multiple caspase-dependent and caspase-independent proapoptotic pathways in neurons involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt, as well as p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and/or other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Opiates appear to decrease the threshold for HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity by sending convergent signals that exacerbate proapoptotic events induced by viral and cellular toxic products. The synergistic proinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of opiate drugs on glia and neurons are largely mediated through μ opioid receptors, which are expressed by subpopulations of astroglia, microglia, and neurons. Opiate abuse intrinsically modifies the host response to HIV-1. Identification of how this occurs is providing considerable insight toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated dementia.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

Education
Science
Telecommunications

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month

Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We find it hard to spot revenue streams.

While many websites aim to make money, others are created to share knowledge or showcase creativity. People build websites for various reasons. This could be one of them. Link.springer.com might be earning cash quietly, but we haven't detected the monetization method.

Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, pubmed, cas, article, hiv, kinase, protein, cell, nath, neurons, apoptosis, hauser, human, tat, biol, activation, dementia, survival, knapp, aids, death, science, signaling, elhage, immunodeficiency, virus, neurotoxicity, regulation, neurosci, abuse, microglial, neuronal, pathways, phosphatidylinositol, morphine, exp, chem, opiate, drug, jnk, mitogenactivated, access, astrocytes, caspase, res, akt, involvement, pathway, privacy,

Topics {✒️}

c-jun n-terminal kinase altering g-protein–effector interactions ifn-gamma-inducible protein-10 expression μ opioid receptors pkb/akt-dependent cell survival month download article/chapter morphine-induced macrophage apoptosis serine/threonine protein kinases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases protein-coupled opiate receptor fas–fas ligand interaction human microglial cells stress-activated map kinase seizure-induced neuronal death phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-akt pathway protein-coupled receptors receptor-regulated mapk scaffold nerve growth factor apoptosis signal-regulating kinase pre-symptomatic hiv infection cell-intrinsic death machinery hiv-1 tat-mediated activation caspase-independent proapoptotic pathways mitogen-activated protein mu-opioid induction full article pdf hiv-1 tat-stimulated astrocytes astroglial-derived proinflammatory cytokines tat-mediated neurotoxicity gp120-induced apoptosis hiv-1-mediated neurotoxicity ca2+-dependent mechanism related subjects induced superoxide production akt protein kinase akt/protein kinase kappa-opioid modulation opioid system diversity morphine enhances interleukin-12 pi3-kinase gamma cxcr4-mediated chemotaxis human immunodeficiency virus-1 human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus enhanced morphine analgesia morphine stimulates phagocytosis privacy choices/manage cookies

Questions {❓}

Anthony IC, Ramage SN, Carnie FW, Simmonds P, Bell JE (2005) Does drug abuse alter microglial phenotype and cell turnover in the context of advancing HIV infection?
Arango JC, Simmonds P, Brettle RP, Bell JE (2004) Does drug abuse influence the microglial response in AIDS and HIV encephalitis?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Impact of Opiate–HIV-1 Interactions on Neurotoxic Signaling
         description:Opiate drug abuse exacerbates the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the central nervous system through direct actions on glia and neurons. Opiate abuse causes widespread disruption of astroglial and microglial function, and significant increases in astroglial-derived proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which likely contributes to neuronal dysfunction, death, and HIV encephalitis. Neurons are also directly affected by opiate–HIV-1 interactions. HIV-1 and the viral proteins gp120 and Tat activate multiple caspase-dependent and caspase-independent proapoptotic pathways in neurons involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt, as well as p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and/or other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Opiates appear to decrease the threshold for HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity by sending convergent signals that exacerbate proapoptotic events induced by viral and cellular toxic products. The synergistic proinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of opiate drugs on glia and neurons are largely mediated through μ opioid receptors, which are expressed by subpopulations of astroglia, microglia, and neurons. Opiate abuse intrinsically modifies the host response to HIV-1. Identification of how this occurs is providing considerable insight toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated dementia.
         datePublished:2006-02-24T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2006-02-24T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:98
         pageEnd:105
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-005-9000-4
         keywords:
            AIDS
            μ-opioid receptors
            neurons
            astroglia
            microglia
            neuroimmunology
            monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2)
            apoptosis
            p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
            c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)
            caspase-3
            Neurosciences
            Immunology
            Pharmacology/Toxicology
            Virology
            Cell Biology
         image:
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11481-005-9000-4/MediaObjects/11481_2005_9000_Fig1_HTML.gif
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11481-005-9000-4/MediaObjects/11481_2005_9000_Fig2_HTML.gif
         isPartOf:
            name:Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
            issn:
               1557-1904
               1557-1890
            volumeNumber:1
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:Springer US
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:Kurt F. Hauser
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                     address:
                        name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                     address:
                        name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               email:[email protected]
               type:Person
               name:Nazira El-Hage
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                     address:
                        name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Shreya Buch
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                     address:
                        name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Avindra Nath
               affiliation:
                     name:Johns Hopkins University
                     address:
                        name:Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:William R. Tyor
               affiliation:
                     name:Medical University of South Carolina
                     address:
                        name:Department of Neurscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                     address:
                        name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                     address:
                        name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Pamela E. Knapp
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                     address:
                        name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                     address:
                        name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:
         hasPart:
            isAccessibleForFree:
            cssSelector:.main-content
            type:WebPageElement
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Impact of Opiate–HIV-1 Interactions on Neurotoxic Signaling
      description:Opiate drug abuse exacerbates the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the central nervous system through direct actions on glia and neurons. Opiate abuse causes widespread disruption of astroglial and microglial function, and significant increases in astroglial-derived proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which likely contributes to neuronal dysfunction, death, and HIV encephalitis. Neurons are also directly affected by opiate–HIV-1 interactions. HIV-1 and the viral proteins gp120 and Tat activate multiple caspase-dependent and caspase-independent proapoptotic pathways in neurons involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)/Akt, as well as p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and/or other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Opiates appear to decrease the threshold for HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity by sending convergent signals that exacerbate proapoptotic events induced by viral and cellular toxic products. The synergistic proinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of opiate drugs on glia and neurons are largely mediated through μ opioid receptors, which are expressed by subpopulations of astroglia, microglia, and neurons. Opiate abuse intrinsically modifies the host response to HIV-1. Identification of how this occurs is providing considerable insight toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated dementia.
      datePublished:2006-02-24T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2006-02-24T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:98
      pageEnd:105
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-005-9000-4
      keywords:
         AIDS
         μ-opioid receptors
         neurons
         astroglia
         microglia
         neuroimmunology
         monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2)
         apoptosis
         p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
         c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)
         caspase-3
         Neurosciences
         Immunology
         Pharmacology/Toxicology
         Virology
         Cell Biology
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11481-005-9000-4/MediaObjects/11481_2005_9000_Fig1_HTML.gif
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11481-005-9000-4/MediaObjects/11481_2005_9000_Fig2_HTML.gif
      isPartOf:
         name:Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
         issn:
            1557-1904
            1557-1890
         volumeNumber:1
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Springer US
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Kurt F. Hauser
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                  address:
                     name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                  address:
                     name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Nazira El-Hage
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                  address:
                     name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Shreya Buch
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                  address:
                     name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Avindra Nath
            affiliation:
                  name:Johns Hopkins University
                  address:
                     name:Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:William R. Tyor
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical University of South Carolina
                  address:
                     name:Department of Neurscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                  address:
                     name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                  address:
                     name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Pamela E. Knapp
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
                  address:
                     name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
                  address:
                     name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:
      hasPart:
         isAccessibleForFree:
         cssSelector:.main-content
         type:WebPageElement
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
      issn:
         1557-1904
         1557-1890
      volumeNumber:1
Organization:
      name:Springer US
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
      address:
         name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
      address:
         name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
      address:
         name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
      address:
         name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Johns Hopkins University
      address:
         name:Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Medical University of South Carolina
      address:
         name:Department of Neurscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
      address:
         name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
      address:
         name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
      address:
         name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
      address:
         name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:Kurt F. Hauser
      affiliation:
            name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
            address:
               name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
            address:
               name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Nazira El-Hage
      affiliation:
            name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
            address:
               name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Shreya Buch
      affiliation:
            name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
            address:
               name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Avindra Nath
      affiliation:
            name:Johns Hopkins University
            address:
               name:Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:William R. Tyor
      affiliation:
            name:Medical University of South Carolina
            address:
               name:Department of Neurscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
      affiliation:
            name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
            address:
               name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
            address:
               name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Pamela E. Knapp
      affiliation:
            name:University of Kentucky College of Medicine
            address:
               name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:University of Kentucky Medical Center
            address:
               name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
      name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
      name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
      name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
      name:Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
      name:Department of Neurscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
      name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
      name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
      name:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
      name:Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
WebPageElement:
      isAccessibleForFree:
      cssSelector:.main-content

External Links {🔗}(287)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

Clipboard.js
Prism.js

CDN Services {📦}

Crossref

3.88s.

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}