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We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-017-1792-9.

Title:
Spread of aggregates after olfactory bulb injection of α-synuclein fibrils is associated with early neuronal loss and is reduced long term | Acta Neuropathologica
Description:
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and by intraneuronal aggregates, primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein. The α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson’s patients are suggested to first appear in the olfactory bulb and enteric nerves and then propagate, following a stereotypic pattern, via neural pathways to numerous regions across the brain. We recently demonstrated that after injection of either mouse or human α-synuclein fibrils into the olfactory bulb of wild-type mice, α-synuclein fibrils recruited endogenous α-synuclein into pathological aggregates that spread transneuronally to over 40 other brain regions and subregions, over 12 months. We previously reported the progressive spreading of α-synuclein aggregates, between 1 and 12 months following α-synuclein fibril injections, and now report how far the pathology has spread 18- and 23-month post-injection in this model. Our data show that between 12 and 18 months, there is a further increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting pathology after human, and to a lesser extent mouse, α-synuclein fibril injections. At both 18 and 23 months after injection of mouse and human α-synuclein fibrils, we observed a reduction in the density of α-synuclein aggregates in some brain regions compared to others at 12 months. At 23 months, no additional brain regions exhibited α-synuclein aggregates compared to earlier time points. In addition, we also demonstrate that the induced α-synucleinopathy triggered a significant early neuron loss in the anterior olfactory nucleus. By contrast, there was no loss of mitral neurons in the olfactory bulb, even at 18 month post-injection. We speculate that the lack of continued progression of α-synuclein pathology is due to compromise of the neural circuitry, consequential to neuron loss and possibly to the activation of proteolytic mechanisms in resilient neurons of wild-type mice that counterbalances the spread and seeding by degrading pathogenic α-synuclein.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

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  • Science
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What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

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What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 7,642,828 visitors per month in the current month.

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How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We're unsure how the site profits.

Websites don't always need to be profitable; some serve as platforms for education or personal expression. Websites can serve multiple purposes. And this might be one of them. Link.springer.com might be making money, but it's not detectable how they're doing it.

Keywords {🔍}

pathology, months, month, brain, postinjection, αsyn, pubmed, article, mice, google, scholar, injection, regions, cells, hupffs, cell, aon, mpffs, fig, cas, αsynuclein, olfactory, disease, inclusions, loss, mms, neurons, pffs, parkinsons, contralateral, animals, neuronal, pser, mouse, observed, central, sections, lee, time, ipsilateral, model, online, resource, previously, injections, group, cresyl, data, density, cortex,

Topics {✒️}

full-length human α-syn pff-induced α-syn pathology amyloidogenic recombinant a-synuclein article download pdf cresyl violet-positive cells pre-formed fibrillar assemblies cns a-synuclein pathology pathological α-synuclein initiates pathological alpha-synuclein propagates synthetic alpha-synuclein fibrils 23-month post-mms-injection exhibited cresyl violet-stained cells recruit endogenous α-syn α-syn pathology decreased amyloidogenic α-synuclein seeds human α-synuclein fibrils exhibited α-syn pathology modified avidin–biotin technique degrading pathogenic α-synuclein versus wild-type mice mutation-specific functional impairments cresyl violet-stained sections soluble mouse α-syn thioflavin-s-positive inclusions detected induced α-synucleinopathy triggered α-synuclein fibril injections soluble α-syn injected long post-injection times undergo intra-axonal transport template normal α-syn α-syn pathology induced α-syn aggregate pathology pathological α-synuclein distribution heat-induced antigen retrieval malmö-lund ethical committee peripheral α-synuclein aggregates cresyl violet-positive widespread α-syn pathology central amygdaloid nucleus contained α-syn pathology pre-formed fibrils specific cell population defined α-syn pathology progresses α-syn pathology propagation linear mixed-effects models contralateral infra-limbic cortex degrade α-syn aggregates assess α-syn pathology assessed α-syn pathology central brain regions

Questions {❓}

  • Olanow CW, Prusiner SB (2009) Is Parkinson’s disease a prion disorder?
  • Oueslati A (2016) Implication of alpha-synuclein phosphorylation at S129 in synucleinopathies: what have we learned in the last decade?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Spread of aggregates after olfactory bulb injection of α-synuclein fibrils is associated with early neuronal loss and is reduced long term
         description:Parkinson’s disease is characterized by degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and by intraneuronal aggregates, primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein. The α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson’s patients are suggested to first appear in the olfactory bulb and enteric nerves and then propagate, following a stereotypic pattern, via neural pathways to numerous regions across the brain. We recently demonstrated that after injection of either mouse or human α-synuclein fibrils into the olfactory bulb of wild-type mice, α-synuclein fibrils recruited endogenous α-synuclein into pathological aggregates that spread transneuronally to over 40 other brain regions and subregions, over 12 months. We previously reported the progressive spreading of α-synuclein aggregates, between 1 and 12 months following α-synuclein fibril injections, and now report how far the pathology has spread 18- and 23-month post-injection in this model. Our data show that between 12 and 18 months, there is a further increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting pathology after human, and to a lesser extent mouse, α-synuclein fibril injections. At both 18 and 23 months after injection of mouse and human α-synuclein fibrils, we observed a reduction in the density of α-synuclein aggregates in some brain regions compared to others at 12 months. At 23 months, no additional brain regions exhibited α-synuclein aggregates compared to earlier time points. In addition, we also demonstrate that the induced α-synucleinopathy triggered a significant early neuron loss in the anterior olfactory nucleus. By contrast, there was no loss of mitral neurons in the olfactory bulb, even at 18 month post-injection. We speculate that the lack of continued progression of α-synuclein pathology is due to compromise of the neural circuitry, consequential to neuron loss and possibly to the activation of proteolytic mechanisms in resilient neurons of wild-type mice that counterbalances the spread and seeding by degrading pathogenic α-synuclein.
         datePublished:2017-12-05T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2017-12-05T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:65
         pageEnd:83
         license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-017-1792-9
         keywords:
            Parkinson’s disease
            Alpha-synuclein
            Aggregates
            Spreading
            Neurodegeneration
            Propagation
            Olfactory bulb
            Pathology
            Neurosciences
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                        name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
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               name:Zachary Madaj
               affiliation:
                     name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute
                     address:
                        name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                        type:PostalAddress
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               name:Kelvin C. Luk
               affiliation:
                     name:University of Pennsylvania
                     address:
                        name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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      headline:Spread of aggregates after olfactory bulb injection of α-synuclein fibrils is associated with early neuronal loss and is reduced long term
      description:Parkinson’s disease is characterized by degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and by intraneuronal aggregates, primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein. The α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson’s patients are suggested to first appear in the olfactory bulb and enteric nerves and then propagate, following a stereotypic pattern, via neural pathways to numerous regions across the brain. We recently demonstrated that after injection of either mouse or human α-synuclein fibrils into the olfactory bulb of wild-type mice, α-synuclein fibrils recruited endogenous α-synuclein into pathological aggregates that spread transneuronally to over 40 other brain regions and subregions, over 12 months. We previously reported the progressive spreading of α-synuclein aggregates, between 1 and 12 months following α-synuclein fibril injections, and now report how far the pathology has spread 18- and 23-month post-injection in this model. Our data show that between 12 and 18 months, there is a further increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting pathology after human, and to a lesser extent mouse, α-synuclein fibril injections. At both 18 and 23 months after injection of mouse and human α-synuclein fibrils, we observed a reduction in the density of α-synuclein aggregates in some brain regions compared to others at 12 months. At 23 months, no additional brain regions exhibited α-synuclein aggregates compared to earlier time points. In addition, we also demonstrate that the induced α-synucleinopathy triggered a significant early neuron loss in the anterior olfactory nucleus. By contrast, there was no loss of mitral neurons in the olfactory bulb, even at 18 month post-injection. We speculate that the lack of continued progression of α-synuclein pathology is due to compromise of the neural circuitry, consequential to neuron loss and possibly to the activation of proteolytic mechanisms in resilient neurons of wild-type mice that counterbalances the spread and seeding by degrading pathogenic α-synuclein.
      datePublished:2017-12-05T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2017-12-05T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:65
      pageEnd:83
      license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-017-1792-9
      keywords:
         Parkinson’s disease
         Alpha-synuclein
         Aggregates
         Spreading
         Neurodegeneration
         Propagation
         Olfactory bulb
         Pathology
         Neurosciences
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      isPartOf:
         name:Acta Neuropathologica
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            1432-0533
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            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Nolwen L. Rey
            affiliation:
                  name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
                  address:
                     name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Sonia George
            affiliation:
                  name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
                  address:
                     name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jennifer A. Steiner
            affiliation:
                  name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
                  address:
                     name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Zachary Madaj
            affiliation:
                  name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute
                  address:
                     name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Kelvin C. Luk
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pennsylvania
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:John Q. Trojanowski
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pennsylvania
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Virginia M.-Y. Lee
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pennsylvania
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Patrik Brundin
            affiliation:
                  name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
                  address:
                     name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
                     type:PostalAddress
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         name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
         type:PostalAddress
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Person:
      name:Nolwen L. Rey
      affiliation:
            name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
            address:
               name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Sonia George
      affiliation:
            name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
            address:
               name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
               type:PostalAddress
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      name:Jennifer A. Steiner
      affiliation:
            name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
            address:
               name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Zachary Madaj
      affiliation:
            name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute
            address:
               name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Kelvin C. Luk
      affiliation:
            name:University of Pennsylvania
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:John Q. Trojanowski
      affiliation:
            name:University of Pennsylvania
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Virginia M.-Y. Lee
      affiliation:
            name:University of Pennsylvania
            address:
               name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Patrik Brundin
      affiliation:
            name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute
            address:
               name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
      name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
      name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
      name:Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA
      name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
      name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
      name:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
      name:Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, USA

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