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Topics {✒️}

article cancer immunology month download article/chapter neoadjuvant anti-her2 antibodies breast cancer patients chemoimmunotherapy [cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil breast cancer incidence il-2 + interferon alpha blood cell count white cell counts privacy choices/manage cookies full article pdf grazia graziani immunotherapy aims interferon alpha breast cancer check access instant access european economic area including natural immunity related subjects conditions privacy policy hydroxy-peroxy-cyclophosphamide vitro active derivative pilot immunochemotherapy study accepting optional cookies present protocol appears nk article tonini cell modulation journal finder publish alternating cycles article log cmf + il-2 + ifn adjuvant chemotherapy giuseppe tonini article cite methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil natural killer privacy policy personal data patients completed books a pilot study optional cookies information manage preferences rita pepponi subscription content similar content adjuvant treatment

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         headline:Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: A pilot immunochemotherapy study with CMF, interleukin-2 and interferon alpha
         description:Immune responses, including natural immunity (NI), potentiate the antitumor effects of chemotherapy. Since interferons and interleukin-2 (IL-2) augment NI, a pilot study was conducted to assess the tolerability and the effects on host immunity of adjuvant chemotherapy associated with IL-2 + interferon alpha (IFN) in breast cancer patients after surgery. Ten patients underwent alternating 28-day cycles of chemoimmunotherapy [cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil (CMF, days 1, 8) + IL-2 (days 15–19) + IFN (day 22)] and chemotherapy alone (CMF). With this regimen each patient was considered to be a reasonable “control” of herself. Blood cell count and natural killer cell activity (NKA) were tested on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 23. Preliminary in vitro studies indicated that IL-2 or IFN antagonized the severe inhibition of NKA induced by hydroxy-peroxy-cyclophosphamide (in vitro active derivative of cyclophosphamide), alone or associated with methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil. Nine patients completed all six alternating cycles, whereas one patient proved to have metastatic lesions after four cycles. The protocol was well tolerated, although leukopenia (CMF alone) and leukopenia with fever and moderate or minimal flu-like symptoms (CMF + IL-2 + IFN) were generally observed. Treatment with IL-2 facilitated complete recovery of white cell counts and NKA after the nadir on day 15. In conclusion, the present protocol appears to be well tolerated and amenable to administration on an outpatient basis. Therefore, further investigations should be performed to verify whether CMF + IL-2 + IFN would be superior to CMF alone for adjuvant treatment after surgery in breast cancer.
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      headline:Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: A pilot immunochemotherapy study with CMF, interleukin-2 and interferon alpha
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