We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-019-02427-4.

Title:
Role of regulatory T cells and checkpoint inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma | Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Description:
Immune checkpoint inhibition suggests promising progress for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear because liver cancer cells apparently do not upregulate inhibitory checkpoint molecules. Here, we analysed whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) can alternatively trigger checkpoint inhibition pathways in HCC. Using flow cytometry we analysed expression of checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, Tim-3) on peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and their secretion of inhibitory mediators (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-beta, galectin-9) in 116 individuals (50 patients with HCC, 41 non-tumour bearing liver disease controls, 25 healthy controls). Functional activity of Tregs on T effector cells (IFN-gamma production, cytotoxicity) was characterized in vitro using a lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) assay against checkpoint inhibitor-negative P815 target cells. Unlike liver patients without malignancy and healthy controls, the frequency of checkpoint inhibitor-positive Tregs inversely correlated to age of patients with HCC (PD-L1, p = 0.0080; CTLA-4, p = 0.0029) and corresponded to enhanced numbers of Tregs producing IL-10 and IL-35 (p < 0.05 each). Tregs inhibited IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells when added to LDCC against P815 cells. Treg-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion could be partially blocked by neutralizing PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies specifically in HCC patients. In HCC peripheral Tregs upregulate checkpoint inhibitors and contribute to systemic immune dysfunction and antitumoural activity by several inhibitory pathways, presumably facilitating tumour development at young age. Blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interactions in vitro selectively interfered with inhibitory Treg -T effector cell interactions in the patients with HCC and resulted in improved antitumoural activity also against checkpoint inhibitor-negative tumour cells.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

Science
Education
Health & Fitness

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month

Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

We see no obvious way the site makes money.

Not every website is profit-driven; some are created to spread information or serve as an online presence. Websites can be made for many reasons. This could be one of them. Link.springer.com might be plotting its profit, but the way they're doing it isn't detectable yet.

Keywords {🔍}

google, scholar, pubmed, cas, hepatocellular, carcinoma, cells, cancer, cell, checkpoint, regulatory, patients, article, immune, hepatol, central, hcc, pdl, immunotherapy, langhans, liver, clin, immunol, tregs, bonn, inhibition, rev, res, data, research, spengler, access, blockade, privacy, cookies, content, nischalke, krämer, expression, activity, cytotoxicity, tumour, tumor, nat, sci, information, publish, search, role, bettina,

Topics {✒️}

anna maria eis-hübinger peripheral cd4+cd25+foxp3+ tregs blocking pd-l1/pd-1 interactions month download article/chapter lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity branched-chain amino acids impaired t-cell functionality myeloid-derived suppressor cells pd-l1 expression serve ifn-gamma production pd-l1 antibodies specifically turning tumor-infiltrating tregs tim-3-galectin-9 pathway involves gonzalez-carmona cd4 + cd25 + regulatory article cancer immunology immune checkpoint blockade eva-maria schumacher ifn-gamma secretion partner site cologne-bonn pd-l1 blockade immune checkpoint inhibition pd-l1/l2 abstract number thu-492 german research foundation cell degranulation access privacy choices/manage cookies blood sample collection t-cell apoptosis tregs producing il-10 related subjects pd-1 immunoinhibitory receptor pd-l1 + mdscs tumour lymphocytic infiltrate combination checkpoint modulators full article pdf effector cell interactions cell line authentication systemic immune dysfunction host immune system murine p815 cells human immune system advanced hepatocellular carcinoma facilitating tumour development impaired immune function ethics declarations conflict german center regulatory cell subsets tumor-infiltrating cd8+ zhejiang univ sci

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Role of regulatory T cells and checkpoint inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma
         description:Immune checkpoint inhibition suggests promising progress for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear because liver cancer cells apparently do not upregulate inhibitory checkpoint molecules. Here, we analysed whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) can alternatively trigger checkpoint inhibition pathways in HCC. Using flow cytometry we analysed expression of checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, Tim-3) on peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and their secretion of inhibitory mediators (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-beta, galectin-9) in 116 individuals (50 patients with HCC, 41 non-tumour bearing liver disease controls, 25 healthy controls). Functional activity of Tregs on T effector cells (IFN-gamma production, cytotoxicity) was characterized in vitro using a lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) assay against checkpoint inhibitor-negative P815 target cells. Unlike liver patients without malignancy and healthy controls, the frequency of checkpoint inhibitor-positive Tregs inversely correlated to age of patients with HCC (PD-L1, p = 0.0080; CTLA-4, p = 0.0029) and corresponded to enhanced numbers of Tregs producing IL-10 and IL-35 (p < 0.05 each). Tregs inhibited IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells when added to LDCC against P815 cells. Treg-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion could be partially blocked by neutralizing PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies specifically in HCC patients. In HCC peripheral Tregs upregulate checkpoint inhibitors and contribute to systemic immune dysfunction and antitumoural activity by several inhibitory pathways, presumably facilitating tumour development at young age. Blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interactions in vitro selectively interfered with inhibitory Treg -T effector cell interactions in the patients with HCC and resulted in improved antitumoural activity also against checkpoint inhibitor-negative tumour cells.
         datePublished:2019-11-13T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2019-11-13T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:2055
         pageEnd:2066
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-019-02427-4
         keywords:
            Hepatocellular carcinoma
            CD4+ regulatory T cells
            PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade
            IFN-gamma production
            T cell degranulation
            Oncology
            Immunology
            Cancer Research
         image:
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig1_HTML.png
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig2_HTML.png
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig3_HTML.png
            https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig4_HTML.png
         isPartOf:
            name:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
            issn:
               1432-0851
               0340-7004
            volumeNumber:68
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:Bettina Langhans
               url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-1092
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                     address:
                        name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               email:[email protected]
               type:Person
               name:Hans Dieter Nischalke
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Benjamin Krämer
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Leona Dold
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                     address:
                        name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Philipp Lutz
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                     address:
                        name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Raphael Mohr
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Annabelle Vogt
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Marieta Toma
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Jacob Nattermann
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Christian P. Strassburg
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Maria Angeles Gonzalez-Carmona
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:Ulrich Spengler
               affiliation:
                     name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                     address:
                        name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                     address:
                        name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:
         hasPart:
            isAccessibleForFree:
            cssSelector:.main-content
            type:WebPageElement
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Role of regulatory T cells and checkpoint inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma
      description:Immune checkpoint inhibition suggests promising progress for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear because liver cancer cells apparently do not upregulate inhibitory checkpoint molecules. Here, we analysed whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) can alternatively trigger checkpoint inhibition pathways in HCC. Using flow cytometry we analysed expression of checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, Tim-3) on peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and their secretion of inhibitory mediators (IL-10, IL-35, TGF-beta, galectin-9) in 116 individuals (50 patients with HCC, 41 non-tumour bearing liver disease controls, 25 healthy controls). Functional activity of Tregs on T effector cells (IFN-gamma production, cytotoxicity) was characterized in vitro using a lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) assay against checkpoint inhibitor-negative P815 target cells. Unlike liver patients without malignancy and healthy controls, the frequency of checkpoint inhibitor-positive Tregs inversely correlated to age of patients with HCC (PD-L1, p = 0.0080; CTLA-4, p = 0.0029) and corresponded to enhanced numbers of Tregs producing IL-10 and IL-35 (p < 0.05 each). Tregs inhibited IFN-gamma secretion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells when added to LDCC against P815 cells. Treg-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion could be partially blocked by neutralizing PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies specifically in HCC patients. In HCC peripheral Tregs upregulate checkpoint inhibitors and contribute to systemic immune dysfunction and antitumoural activity by several inhibitory pathways, presumably facilitating tumour development at young age. Blocking PD-L1/PD-1 interactions in vitro selectively interfered with inhibitory Treg -T effector cell interactions in the patients with HCC and resulted in improved antitumoural activity also against checkpoint inhibitor-negative tumour cells.
      datePublished:2019-11-13T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2019-11-13T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:2055
      pageEnd:2066
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-019-02427-4
      keywords:
         Hepatocellular carcinoma
         CD4+ regulatory T cells
         PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade
         IFN-gamma production
         T cell degranulation
         Oncology
         Immunology
         Cancer Research
      image:
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig1_HTML.png
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig2_HTML.png
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig3_HTML.png
         https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00262-019-02427-4/MediaObjects/262_2019_2427_Fig4_HTML.png
      isPartOf:
         name:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
         issn:
            1432-0851
            0340-7004
         volumeNumber:68
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Bettina Langhans
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-1092
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                  address:
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Hans Dieter Nischalke
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Benjamin Krämer
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Leona Dold
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                  address:
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Philipp Lutz
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                  address:
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Raphael Mohr
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Annabelle Vogt
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Marieta Toma
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Jacob Nattermann
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Christian P. Strassburg
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Maria Angeles Gonzalez-Carmona
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Ulrich Spengler
            affiliation:
                  name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
                  address:
                     name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
                  address:
                     name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:
      hasPart:
         isAccessibleForFree:
         cssSelector:.main-content
         type:WebPageElement
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
      issn:
         1432-0851
         0340-7004
      volumeNumber:68
Organization:
      name:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
      address:
         name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
      address:
         name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
      address:
         name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
      address:
         name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
      address:
         name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:Bettina Langhans
      url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-1092
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
            address:
               name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      email:[email protected]
      name:Hans Dieter Nischalke
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Benjamin Krämer
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Leona Dold
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
            address:
               name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Philipp Lutz
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
            address:
               name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Raphael Mohr
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Annabelle Vogt
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Marieta Toma
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Jacob Nattermann
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Christian P. Strassburg
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Maria Angeles Gonzalez-Carmona
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:Ulrich Spengler
      affiliation:
            name:University Hospital of Bonn (UKB)
            address:
               name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
            name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn
            address:
               name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department of Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
      name:German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
WebPageElement:
      isAccessibleForFree:
      cssSelector:.main-content

External Links {🔗}(145)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

Clipboard.js
Prism.js
Raphael

CDN Services {📦}

Crossref

4.3s.

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}