We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002489900072.

Title:
Validation of a Three-Stage Compound Continuous Culture System for Investigating the Effect of Retention Time on the Ecology and Metabolism of Bacteria in the Human Colon | Microbial Ecology
Description:
A three-stage compound continuous culture system was used to study the effect of retention time (27.1 and 66.7 h) on the catabolism of organic carbon and nitrogen sources in mixed populations of human colonic bacteria. The fermentation system was designed to reproduce spatial, temporal, nutritional, and physicochemical characteristics of the microbiota in the proximal (vessel 1) and distal (vessels 2 and 3) colons, and was validated on the basis of chemical and microbiological measurements on intestinal contents obtained from human sudden death victims. Results showed that the majority of carbohydrate breakdown and short-chain fatty acid production occurred in V1. Conversely, dissimilatory amino acid metabolism, as evidenced by formation of branched-chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds, occurred primarily in V2 and V3. Fermentation of aromatic amino acids was strongly affected by system retention time (R), with concentrations of phenolic metabolites being three times higher in V3, at 66.7 h, compared to 27.1 h. Bacteriological measurements of intestinal contents, in which nine groups of marker organisms were studied, showed that, with the exception of bifidobacteria, no major differences in relative bacterial cell numbers were evident in the proximal and distal colons. These organisms were also studied in the continuous culture system, where marked reductions in Escherichia coli were observed in V2 and V3, especially at R= 27.1 h. Increasing R to 66.7 h reduced numbers of Clostridium perfringens, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and total anaerobe counts. Correlations between in vivo chemical and bacteriological measurements and data obtained in vitro demonstrate that the three-stage fermentation system provided a useful model for studying the physiology and ecology of large intestinal microorganisms under different nutritional and environmental conditions.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

Science
Social Networks
Mobile Technology & AI

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month

Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

check SE Ranking
check Ahrefs
check Similarweb
check Ubersuggest
check Semrush

How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

The income method remains a mystery to us.

Some websites aren't about earning revenue; they're built to connect communities or raise awareness. There are numerous motivations behind creating websites. This might be one of them. Link.springer.com might be cashing in, but we can't detect the method they're using.

Keywords {🔍}

article, system, access, ecology, time, macfarlane, privacy, cookies, content, microbial, continuous, culture, data, information, publish, research, search, threestage, retention, human, fermentation, open, log, journal, compound, effect, metabolism, bacteria, march, gibson, microbiota, measurements, intestinal, acid, amino, discover, springer, optional, personal, parties, policy, find, track, validation, investigating, colon, cite, explore, nutritional, proximal,

Topics {✒️}

aromatic amino acids continuous culture system volatile fatty-acid utilization clostridium perfringens branched-chain fatty acids month download article/chapter anaerobic gram-positive cocci microbial growth rates system retention time fermentation system related subjects full article pdf privacy choices/manage cookies check access instant access european economic area scope submit manuscript total anaerobe counts cambridge cb2 2dh large intestinal microorganisms human colon published conditions privacy policy accepting optional cookies escherichia coli aiming human colonic bacteria intestinal contents obtained main content log vivo chemical gut ecosystem journal finder publish article log microbiota march 1998 volume 35 article cite article macfarlane retention time occurred primarily fermentation privacy policy personal data studying 18 november 1996 human colon books a intestinal contents optional cookies manage preferences escherichia coli reduced numbers data obtained

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:Validation of a Three-Stage Compound Continuous Culture System for Investigating the Effect of Retention Time on the Ecology and Metabolism of Bacteria in the Human Colon
         description: A three-stage compound continuous culture system was used to study the effect of retention time (27.1 and 66.7 h) on the catabolism of organic carbon and nitrogen sources in mixed populations of human colonic bacteria. The fermentation system was designed to reproduce spatial, temporal, nutritional, and physicochemical characteristics of the microbiota in the proximal (vessel 1) and distal (vessels 2 and 3) colons, and was validated on the basis of chemical and microbiological measurements on intestinal contents obtained from human sudden death victims. Results showed that the majority of carbohydrate breakdown and short-chain fatty acid production occurred in V1. Conversely, dissimilatory amino acid metabolism, as evidenced by formation of branched-chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds, occurred primarily in V2 and V3. Fermentation of aromatic amino acids was strongly affected by system retention time (R), with concentrations of phenolic metabolites being three times higher in V3, at 66.7 h, compared to 27.1 h. Bacteriological measurements of intestinal contents, in which nine groups of marker organisms were studied, showed that, with the exception of bifidobacteria, no major differences in relative bacterial cell numbers were evident in the proximal and distal colons. These organisms were also studied in the continuous culture system, where marked reductions in Escherichia coli were observed in V2 and V3, especially at R= 27.1 h. Increasing R to 66.7 h reduced numbers of Clostridium perfringens, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and total anaerobe counts. Correlations between in vivo chemical and bacteriological measurements and data obtained in vitro demonstrate that the three-stage fermentation system provided a useful model for studying the physiology and ecology of large intestinal microorganisms under different nutritional and environmental conditions.
         datePublished:
         dateModified:
         pageStart:180
         pageEnd:187
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s002489900072
         keywords:
            Aromatic Amino Acid
            Clostridium Perfringens
            Fermentation System
            Bacterial Cell Number
            Continuous Culture System
            Microbiology
            Ecology
            Microbial Ecology
            Geoecology/Natural Processes
            Nature Conservation
            Water Quality/Water Pollution
         image:
         isPartOf:
            name:Microbial Ecology
            issn:
               1432-184X
               0095-3628
            volumeNumber:35
            type:
               Periodical
               PublicationVolume
         publisher:
            name:Springer-Verlag
            logo:
               url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
               type:ImageObject
            type:Organization
         author:
               name:G.T. Macfarlane
               affiliation:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                     address:
                        name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:S. Macfarlane
               affiliation:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                     address:
                        name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
               name:G.R. Gibson
               affiliation:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                     address:
                        name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
               type:Person
         isAccessibleForFree:
         hasPart:
            isAccessibleForFree:
            cssSelector:.main-content
            type:WebPageElement
         type:ScholarlyArticle
      context:https://schema.org
ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:Validation of a Three-Stage Compound Continuous Culture System for Investigating the Effect of Retention Time on the Ecology and Metabolism of Bacteria in the Human Colon
      description: A three-stage compound continuous culture system was used to study the effect of retention time (27.1 and 66.7 h) on the catabolism of organic carbon and nitrogen sources in mixed populations of human colonic bacteria. The fermentation system was designed to reproduce spatial, temporal, nutritional, and physicochemical characteristics of the microbiota in the proximal (vessel 1) and distal (vessels 2 and 3) colons, and was validated on the basis of chemical and microbiological measurements on intestinal contents obtained from human sudden death victims. Results showed that the majority of carbohydrate breakdown and short-chain fatty acid production occurred in V1. Conversely, dissimilatory amino acid metabolism, as evidenced by formation of branched-chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds, occurred primarily in V2 and V3. Fermentation of aromatic amino acids was strongly affected by system retention time (R), with concentrations of phenolic metabolites being three times higher in V3, at 66.7 h, compared to 27.1 h. Bacteriological measurements of intestinal contents, in which nine groups of marker organisms were studied, showed that, with the exception of bifidobacteria, no major differences in relative bacterial cell numbers were evident in the proximal and distal colons. These organisms were also studied in the continuous culture system, where marked reductions in Escherichia coli were observed in V2 and V3, especially at R= 27.1 h. Increasing R to 66.7 h reduced numbers of Clostridium perfringens, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and total anaerobe counts. Correlations between in vivo chemical and bacteriological measurements and data obtained in vitro demonstrate that the three-stage fermentation system provided a useful model for studying the physiology and ecology of large intestinal microorganisms under different nutritional and environmental conditions.
      datePublished:
      dateModified:
      pageStart:180
      pageEnd:187
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s002489900072
      keywords:
         Aromatic Amino Acid
         Clostridium Perfringens
         Fermentation System
         Bacterial Cell Number
         Continuous Culture System
         Microbiology
         Ecology
         Microbial Ecology
         Geoecology/Natural Processes
         Nature Conservation
         Water Quality/Water Pollution
      image:
      isPartOf:
         name:Microbial Ecology
         issn:
            1432-184X
            0095-3628
         volumeNumber:35
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Springer-Verlag
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:G.T. Macfarlane
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                  address:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:S. Macfarlane
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                  address:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:G.R. Gibson
            affiliation:
                  name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
                  address:
                     name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
      isAccessibleForFree:
      hasPart:
         isAccessibleForFree:
         cssSelector:.main-content
         type:WebPageElement
["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]:
      name:Microbial Ecology
      issn:
         1432-184X
         0095-3628
      volumeNumber:35
Organization:
      name:Springer-Verlag
      logo:
         url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
         type:ImageObject
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
      address:
         name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
      address:
         name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
         type:PostalAddress
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
      address:
         name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
         type:PostalAddress
ImageObject:
      url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
Person:
      name:G.T. Macfarlane
      affiliation:
            name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
            address:
               name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:S. Macfarlane
      affiliation:
            name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
            address:
               name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
      name:G.R. Gibson
      affiliation:
            name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
            address:
               name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
               type:PostalAddress
            type:Organization
PostalAddress:
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
      name:Medical Research Council, Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK, , GB
WebPageElement:
      isAccessibleForFree:
      cssSelector:.main-content

External Links {🔗}(29)

Analytics and Tracking {📊}

Google Tag Manager

Libraries {📚}

Clipboard.js
Prism.js

CDN Services {📦}

Crossref

3.82s.

LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}