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LINK . SPRINGER . COM {}

  1. Analyzed Page
  2. Matching Content Categories
  3. CMS
  4. Monthly Traffic Estimate
  5. How Does Link.springer.com Make Money
  6. Keywords
  7. Topics
  8. Questions
  9. Schema
  10. External Links
  11. Analytics And Tracking
  12. Libraries
  13. CDN Services

We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-024-05544-1.

Title:
18 kDa TSPO targeting drives polarized human microglia towards a protective and restorative neurosteroidome profile | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Description:
An aberrant pro-inflammatory microglia response has been associated with most neurodegenerative disorders. Identifying microglia druggable checkpoints to restore their physiological functions is an emerging challenge. Recent data have shown that microglia produce de novo neurosteroids, endogenous molecules exerting potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, the role of neurosteroidogenesis in the modulation of microgliosis was explored in human microglia cells. In particular, CYP11A1 inhibition or TSPO pharmacological stimulation, crucial proteins involved in the rate limiting step of the neurosteroidogenic cascade, were employed. CYP11A1 inhibition led microglia to acquire a dysfunctional and hyperreactive phenotype, while selective TSPO ligands promoted the establishment of an anti-inflammatory one. Analysis of specific neurosteroid levels (neurosteroidome) identified allopregnanolone/pregnanolone as crucial metabolites allowing controlled activation of microglia. Importantly, the neurosteroid shift towards a greater androgenic/estrogenic profile supported the transition from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective microglia, suggesting the therapeutic potential of de novo microglial neurosteroidogenesis stimulation for neuroinflammatory-related disorders.
Website Age:
28 years and 1 months (reg. 1997-05-29).

Matching Content Categories {📚}

  • Science
  • Education
  • Health & Fitness

Content Management System {📝}

What CMS is link.springer.com built with?

Custom-built

No common CMS systems were detected on Link.springer.com, and no known web development framework was identified.

Traffic Estimate {📈}

What is the average monthly size of link.springer.com audience?

🌠 Phenomenal Traffic: 5M - 10M visitors per month


Based on our best estimate, this website will receive around 5,000,019 visitors per month in the current month.
However, some sources were not loaded, we suggest to reload the page to get complete results.

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How Does Link.springer.com Make Money? {💸}

The income method remains a mystery to us.

Not all websites focus on profit; some are designed to educate, connect people, or share useful tools. People create websites for numerous reasons. And this could be one such example. Link.springer.com might be cashing in, but we can't detect the method they're using.

Keywords {🔍}

cells, microglia, pubmed, article, google, scholar, cas, expression, ilβ, microglial, tspo, cell, levels, tgfβ, central, ctrl, analysis, human, mcm, activation, increased, inflammatory, neurosteroidogenesis, fig, observed, results, phenotype, medium, response, neurosteroids, hnpcs, protein, treatment, antiinflammatory, differentiation, data, activated, effects, time, signalling, activity, role, ligands, suggesting, translocator, proinflammatory, ligand, piga, estradiol, inhibition,

Topics {✒️}

amg/il-1β-treated c20 cells xbd-173/il-1β-treated c20 cells unique tgf-β–dependent molecular article download pdf dmem-f-12 serum-free medium real-time rt-pcr analysis il-1β-treated c20 cells c20 il-β-treated cells span intro/exon boundaries protease inhibitors—4 µg/ml apronitin amg/il-1β-treated sample amg/il-1β-treated cells endogenous ligand tgf-β il-1β cells pre-treated amg/il-1β microglia showed piga1138/il-1β c20 cells interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory signaling tert-butyl methyl ether reduces β-amyloid burden writing—original draft preparation full size image high-resolution mass spectrometer inflamed microglia pre-treated mcm piga1138/il-1β led tlr4/nf-kb pathway trem2-apoe pathway drives precast stain-free gels final rt-pcr reactions real time rt-pcr intracellular/extracellular aβ-fam ratio round coverslip pre-coated chemo-luminescent substrate ecl pi3k/nf-κb signaling transcription factor nf-κb nestin-expressing progenitor cells human granulosa-lutein cells lc/hr-ms investigations modulate nf-κb activation adult-derived human microglia beta-amyloid generation induced astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammatory responses hydroxylamine-derivatization hplc–ms pre-treatments slightly reduced central nervous system amg-treated c20 cells 5α/5β-reduced progesterone metabolites 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity embryonic-derived human microglia 5α/5β–reductase appeared c20 il-1β cells

Questions {❓}

  • Gómez Morillas A, Besson VC, Lerouet D (2021) Microglia and neuroinflammation: what place for P2RY12?
  • Ransohoff RM (2016) A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?
  • Sneeboer MAM et al (2020) Microglial activation in schizophrenia: is translocator 18 kDa protein (TSPO) the right marker?

Schema {🗺️}

WebPage:
      mainEntity:
         headline:18 kDa TSPO targeting drives polarized human microglia towards a protective and restorative neurosteroidome profile
         description:An aberrant pro-inflammatory microglia response has been associated with most neurodegenerative disorders. Identifying microglia druggable checkpoints to restore their physiological functions is an emerging challenge. Recent data have shown that microglia produce de novo neurosteroids, endogenous molecules exerting potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, the role of neurosteroidogenesis in the modulation of microgliosis was explored in human microglia cells. In particular, CYP11A1 inhibition or TSPO pharmacological stimulation, crucial proteins involved in the rate limiting step of the neurosteroidogenic cascade, were employed. CYP11A1 inhibition led microglia to acquire a dysfunctional and hyperreactive phenotype, while selective TSPO ligands promoted the establishment of an anti-inflammatory one. Analysis of specific neurosteroid levels (neurosteroidome) identified allopregnanolone/pregnanolone as crucial metabolites allowing controlled activation of microglia. Importantly, the neurosteroid shift towards a greater androgenic/estrogenic profile supported the transition from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective microglia, suggesting the therapeutic potential of de novo microglial neurosteroidogenesis stimulation for neuroinflammatory-related disorders.
         datePublished:2025-01-06T00:00:00Z
         dateModified:2025-01-06T00:00:00Z
         pageStart:1
         pageEnd:26
         license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
         sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-024-05544-1
         keywords:
            Microglia
            Neuroinflammation
            Neurosteroidome
            18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO)
            TSPO ligand
            Cell Biology
            Biomedicine
            general
            Life Sciences
            Biochemistry
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            name:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
            issn:
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            type:
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                        name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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                     address:
                        name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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                     name:Karolinska Institutet
                     address:
                        name:Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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                        name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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                        name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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                        name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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                     name:University of Pisa
                     address:
                        name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                        type:PostalAddress
                     type:Organization
                     name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                     address:
                        name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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ScholarlyArticle:
      headline:18 kDa TSPO targeting drives polarized human microglia towards a protective and restorative neurosteroidome profile
      description:An aberrant pro-inflammatory microglia response has been associated with most neurodegenerative disorders. Identifying microglia druggable checkpoints to restore their physiological functions is an emerging challenge. Recent data have shown that microglia produce de novo neurosteroids, endogenous molecules exerting potent anti-inflammatory activity. Here, the role of neurosteroidogenesis in the modulation of microgliosis was explored in human microglia cells. In particular, CYP11A1 inhibition or TSPO pharmacological stimulation, crucial proteins involved in the rate limiting step of the neurosteroidogenic cascade, were employed. CYP11A1 inhibition led microglia to acquire a dysfunctional and hyperreactive phenotype, while selective TSPO ligands promoted the establishment of an anti-inflammatory one. Analysis of specific neurosteroid levels (neurosteroidome) identified allopregnanolone/pregnanolone as crucial metabolites allowing controlled activation of microglia. Importantly, the neurosteroid shift towards a greater androgenic/estrogenic profile supported the transition from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective microglia, suggesting the therapeutic potential of de novo microglial neurosteroidogenesis stimulation for neuroinflammatory-related disorders.
      datePublished:2025-01-06T00:00:00Z
      dateModified:2025-01-06T00:00:00Z
      pageStart:1
      pageEnd:26
      license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
      sameAs:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-024-05544-1
      keywords:
         Microglia
         Neuroinflammation
         Neurosteroidome
         18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO)
         TSPO ligand
         Cell Biology
         Biomedicine
         general
         Life Sciences
         Biochemistry
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      isPartOf:
         name:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
         issn:
            1420-9071
         volumeNumber:82
         type:
            Periodical
            PublicationVolume
      publisher:
         name:Springer International Publishing
         logo:
            url:https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png
            type:ImageObject
         type:Organization
      author:
            name:Lorenzo Germelli
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-7545
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Elisa Angeloni
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6122-7327
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Eleonora Da Pozzo
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-8949
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            email:[email protected]
            type:Person
            name:Chiara Tremolanti
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-7099
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:Karolinska Institutet
                  address:
                     name:Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Martina De Felice
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                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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            name:Chiara Giacomelli
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                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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            type:Person
            name:Beatrice Muscatello
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                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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                  type:Organization
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            name:Elisabetta Barresi
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            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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            type:Person
            name:Sabrina Taliani
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-939X
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Federico Da Settimo Passetti
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-7917
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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            name:Maria Letizia Trincavelli
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-977X
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
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                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Claudia Martini
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-3027
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
                  name:University of Pisa (CISUP)
                  address:
                     name:Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
            type:Person
            name:Barbara Costa
            url:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-1275
            affiliation:
                  name:University of Pisa
                  address:
                     name:Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                     type:PostalAddress
                  type:Organization
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