We are analyzing https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00386249.

Title:
Extracellular ATP induces stellation and increases glial fibrillary acidic protein content and DNA synthesis in primary astrocyte cultures | Acta Neuropathologica
Description:
A number of factors appear to be involved in the proliferative and hypertrophic processes which characterize reactive astrocytosis. We have investigated the possibility that ATP, an agent that is released by injured cells following tissue destruction, may be one such factor. For this purpose, we utilized primary cultures of astrocytes derived from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats to study the effect of extracellular ATP on properties associated with astrògliosis. Light microscopic studies disclosed marked stellation of astrocytes after 30–60 min of exposure to 100 μM-1 mM ATP. In addition, the content of the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was increased 35–40% following 60-min exposure to ATP; this effect persisted for 1–3 days of exposure to 100 μM ATP. [3H]Thymidine incorportion increased progressively from 1–3 days; a 3.6-fold increase in DNA synthesis was observed following 3 days of exposure to 1 mM ATP, suggesting stimulation of cellular proliferation. These findings show that high micromolar to low millimolar concentrations of extracellular ATP reproduce several features associated with reactive gliosis and suggest that extracellular ATP may be involved in the activation of astrocytes following CNS injury.
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month download article/chapter atp-evoked ca2+ mobilization astrocyte-specific intermediate filament thin-layer separation methods alpha-adrenergic receptor modulation p2-purinergic receptors linked light microscopic studies related subjects extracellular atp reproduce central nervous system extracellular adenine nucleotides primary astrocyte cultures privacy choices/manage cookies full article pdf nucleotides stimulate proliferation p2y-purinergic receptor p2y purinergic receptor utilized primary cultures extracellular atp depolarization-induced release european economic area scope submit manuscript low millimolar concentrations check access local blood flow inositol phosphate formation folin phenol reagent va medical center instant access 5′-cyclic monophosphate levels ammonia-induced decrease conditions privacy policy neural progenitor cells smooth muscle cells human astrocytoma cells focal brain wounds endothelial functional response calcium mobilization acta neuropathol 87 cultured brain cells main content log characterize reactive astrocytosis research service adenosine-dependent regulation accepting optional cookies oxford university press protein measurement article neary journal finder publish cyclic amp accumulation

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