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Title:
Polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha: Biochemical and morphological changes during macronuclear development in a ciliated protozoan | Chromosoma
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After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to the polytene chromosomes of the Dipteran salivary gland. The nucleus of a developing macronuclear anlage contains 120Β±2 polytene chromosomes and each chromosome has an average of 81 bands; a total of about 10,000 bands per nucleus. At a later stage in development, the number of bands per chromosome is reduced by a factor of four, presumably due to fusion of adjacent bands. The polytene chromosomes then break up into their constituent bands, each of which is encased in a vesicle. There are about 2,700 vesicles per nucleus. β During the growth of polytene chromosomes, there is a change in the relative proportion of sequences in the DNA. The DNA from polytene nuclei has a buoyant density of 1.695 g/cc, significantly lighter than the density of the original micronuclear DNA (1.698 g/cc to 1.702 g/cc). We interpret this buoyant density change to be the result of differential replication of DNA sequences during polytene chromosome growth. A second change in DNA composition occurs after the polytene stage of development, shown by a shift in buoyant density to 1.701 g/cc in the DNA of the mature macronucleus. During this second process, the molecular weight of the DNA is reduced from greater than 50Γ106 daltons to about 2Γ106 daltons.
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google, scholar, dna, polytene, chromosomes, article, chromosoma, chromosome, stylonychia, macronuclear, development, ciliated, macronucleus, protozoa, biol, mytilus, berl, privacy, cookies, content, change, oxytricha, protozoan, lauth, bands, nature, ammermann, prescott, analysis, information, publish, search, morphological, spear, sequences, density, gcc, access, drosophila, cell, proc, nat, acad, sci, wash, data, log, journal, research, microscopic,
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dipteran salivary gland month download article/chapter relative proportion developmental biology subchromosomal-size dna molecules microscopic study stylonychia mytilus exconjugants privacy choices/manage cookies full article pdf strong morphological resemblance related subjects dna breakdown products amplified ribosomal dnas von berger article chromosoma aims stylonychia mytilus european economic area mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid nucleic acid metabolism conditions privacy policy developing macronuclear anlage inverted repetitious sequences polytene chromosome dna buoyant density change accepting optional cookies polytene chromosome growth check access instant access ciliated protozoan published electron microscopic main content log original micronuclear dna mitochondrial dna replication repetitive dna sequences journal finder publish dna sequence diminution gene diminution dna composition occurs article log article spear polytene chromosome article cite privacy policy personal data books a adjacent bands polytene chromosomes 120Β±2 polytene chromosomes stylonychia spec stylonychia sp
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headline:Polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha: Biochemical and morphological changes during macronuclear development in a ciliated protozoan
description:After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to the polytene chromosomes of the Dipteran salivary gland. The nucleus of a developing macronuclear anlage contains 120Β±2 polytene chromosomes and each chromosome has an average of 81 bands; a total of about 10,000 bands per nucleus. At a later stage in development, the number of bands per chromosome is reduced by a factor of four, presumably due to fusion of adjacent bands. The polytene chromosomes then break up into their constituent bands, each of which is encased in a vesicle. There are about 2,700 vesicles per nucleus. β During the growth of polytene chromosomes, there is a change in the relative proportion of sequences in the DNA. The DNA from polytene nuclei has a buoyant density of 1.695 g/cc, significantly lighter than the density of the original micronuclear DNA (1.698 g/cc to 1.702 g/cc). We interpret this buoyant density change to be the result of differential replication of DNA sequences during polytene chromosome growth. A second change in DNA composition occurs after the polytene stage of development, shown by a shift in buoyant density to 1.701 g/cc in the DNA of the mature macronucleus. During this second process, the molecular weight of the DNA is reduced from greater than 50Γ106 daltons to about 2Γ106 daltons.
datePublished:
dateModified:
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keywords:
Morphological Change
Salivary Gland
Developmental Biology
Microscopic Study
Relative Proportion
Cell Biology
Biochemistry
general
Human Genetics
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Eukaryotic Microbiology
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description:After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to the polytene chromosomes of the Dipteran salivary gland. The nucleus of a developing macronuclear anlage contains 120Β±2 polytene chromosomes and each chromosome has an average of 81 bands; a total of about 10,000 bands per nucleus. At a later stage in development, the number of bands per chromosome is reduced by a factor of four, presumably due to fusion of adjacent bands. The polytene chromosomes then break up into their constituent bands, each of which is encased in a vesicle. There are about 2,700 vesicles per nucleus. β During the growth of polytene chromosomes, there is a change in the relative proportion of sequences in the DNA. The DNA from polytene nuclei has a buoyant density of 1.695 g/cc, significantly lighter than the density of the original micronuclear DNA (1.698 g/cc to 1.702 g/cc). We interpret this buoyant density change to be the result of differential replication of DNA sequences during polytene chromosome growth. A second change in DNA composition occurs after the polytene stage of development, shown by a shift in buoyant density to 1.701 g/cc in the DNA of the mature macronucleus. During this second process, the molecular weight of the DNA is reduced from greater than 50Γ106 daltons to about 2Γ106 daltons.
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Biochemistry
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Human Genetics
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Eukaryotic Microbiology
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