DOI . ORG {}
Title[redir]:
Cell death pathways in pathogenic trypanosomatids: lessons of (over)kill | Cell Death & Disease
Description:
Especially in tropical and developing countries, the clinically relevant protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) and Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) stand out and infect millions of people worldwide leading to critical social-economic implications. Low-income populations are mainly affected by these three illnesses that are neglected by the pharmaceutical industry. Current anti-trypanosomatid drugs present variable efficacy with remarkable side effects that almost lead to treatment discontinuation, justifying a continuous search for alternative compounds that interfere with essential and specific parasite pathways. In this scenario, the triggering of trypanosomatid cell death machinery emerges as a promising approach, although the exact mechanisms involved in unicellular eukaryotes are still unclear as well as the controversial biological importance of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, the mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis-like cell death and necrosis found in pathogenic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as their roles in successful infection. Based on the published genomic and proteomic maps, the panel of trypanosomatid cell death molecules was constructed under different experimental conditions. The lack of PCD molecular regulators and executioners in these parasites up to now has led to cell death being classified as an unregulated process or incidental necrosis, despite all morphological evidence published. In this context, the participation of metacaspases in PCD was also not described, and these proteases play a crucial role in proliferation and differentiation processes. On the other hand, autophagic phenotype has been described in trypanosomatids under a great variety of stress conditions (drugs, starvation, among others) suggesting that this process is involved in the turnover of damaged structures in the protozoa and is not a cell death pathway. Death mechanisms of pathogenic trypanosomatids may be involved in pathogenesis, and the identification of parasite-specific regulators could represent a rational and attractive alternative target for drug development for these neglected diseases.
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Keywords {π}
pubmed, article, google, scholar, death, cell, cas, autophagy, trypanosomatids, central, autophagic, atg, cruzi, trypanosoma, apoptosis, parasite, disease, brucei, programmed, leishmania, pcd, differentiation, pathway, nature, protozoa, necrosis, molecular, parasites, mitochondrial, pathogenic, drugs, molecules, apoptotic, apoptosislike, role, mechanisms, chagas, process, pathways, stress, drug, forms, membrane, activity, parasitol, leishmaniasis, treatment, metacaspases, dna, processes,
Topics {βοΈ}
nature portfolio drug discovery research molecular tools research priorities cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases enzymatic kits author information authors previous data showed open questions nature 390 nature 407 nature 403 nature 406 nature reprints bcl-xl anti-apoptotic proteins article menna-barreto india fadd-homologous ice/ced-3 innovative semi-synthetic thiosemicarbazone ethics declarations conflict l-arginine-dependent suppression controversial data lysosomal hydrolase-dependent degradation papes/fundação oswaldo cruz int/neglected_diseases/2010report/en/ promising anti-protozoan peptide central nervous system death-inducing signaling complex int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/ large-scale proteomic studies ros-dependent cell death high ros content author correspondence original author pro-apoptotic nuclease activity critical social-economic implications metacaspase-independent death pathway open complement system-based therapeutics morphological evidence published plasma membrane disruption molecules trigger/suppress autophagy dr de duve rio de janeiro autophagy-independent cell death natural stimuli de messias-reason human african trypanosomiasis menna-barreto
Questions {β}
- Are apoptotic-like and autophagic pathways good drug targets in trypanosomatids?
- Are protozoan metacaspases potential parasite killers?
- Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
- Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
- Autophagy: dual roles in life and death?
- Blocking autophagy to prevent parasite differentiation: a possible new strategy for fighting parasitic infections?
- Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation: programmed cell death or necrosis?
- Cell death in parasitic protozoa: regulated or incidental?
- Kinetoplastida: model organisms for simple autophagic pathways?
- Necrosis: a specific form of programmed cell death?
- Programmed cell death in trypanosomatids: a way to maximize their biological fitness?
- Stairway to heaven or hell?
- What are the molecular mechanisms involved in protozoan autophagy?
- What is the real biological relevance of programmed cell death in protozoa?
- Which molecules participate in apoptotic-like activation/regulation in trypanosomatids?
- Which molecules trigger/suppress autophagy in these protozoa?
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headline:Cell death pathways in pathogenic trypanosomatids: lessons of (over)kill
description:Especially in tropical and developing countries, the clinically relevant protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) and Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) stand out and infect millions of people worldwide leading to critical social-economic implications. Low-income populations are mainly affected by these three illnesses that are neglected by the pharmaceutical industry. Current anti-trypanosomatid drugs present variable efficacy with remarkable side effects that almost lead to treatment discontinuation, justifying a continuous search for alternative compounds that interfere with essential and specific parasite pathways. In this scenario, the triggering of trypanosomatid cell death machinery emerges as a promising approach, although the exact mechanisms involved in unicellular eukaryotes are still unclear as well as the controversial biological importance of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, the mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis-like cell death and necrosis found in pathogenic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as their roles in successful infection. Based on the published genomic and proteomic maps, the panel of trypanosomatid cell death molecules was constructed under different experimental conditions. The lack of PCD molecular regulators and executioners in these parasites up to now has led to cell death being classified as an unregulated process or incidental necrosis, despite all morphological evidence published. In this context, the participation of metacaspases in PCD was also not described, and these proteases play a crucial role in proliferation and differentiation processes. On the other hand, autophagic phenotype has been described in trypanosomatids under a great variety of stress conditions (drugs, starvation, among others) suggesting that this process is involved in the turnover of damaged structures in the protozoa and is not a cell death pathway. Death mechanisms of pathogenic trypanosomatids may be involved in pathogenesis, and the identification of parasite-specific regulators could represent a rational and attractive alternative target for drug development for these neglected diseases.
datePublished:2019-01-30T00:00:00Z
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headline:Cell death pathways in pathogenic trypanosomatids: lessons of (over)kill
description:Especially in tropical and developing countries, the clinically relevant protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) and Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) stand out and infect millions of people worldwide leading to critical social-economic implications. Low-income populations are mainly affected by these three illnesses that are neglected by the pharmaceutical industry. Current anti-trypanosomatid drugs present variable efficacy with remarkable side effects that almost lead to treatment discontinuation, justifying a continuous search for alternative compounds that interfere with essential and specific parasite pathways. In this scenario, the triggering of trypanosomatid cell death machinery emerges as a promising approach, although the exact mechanisms involved in unicellular eukaryotes are still unclear as well as the controversial biological importance of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, the mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis-like cell death and necrosis found in pathogenic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as their roles in successful infection. Based on the published genomic and proteomic maps, the panel of trypanosomatid cell death molecules was constructed under different experimental conditions. The lack of PCD molecular regulators and executioners in these parasites up to now has led to cell death being classified as an unregulated process or incidental necrosis, despite all morphological evidence published. In this context, the participation of metacaspases in PCD was also not described, and these proteases play a crucial role in proliferation and differentiation processes. On the other hand, autophagic phenotype has been described in trypanosomatids under a great variety of stress conditions (drugs, starvation, among others) suggesting that this process is involved in the turnover of damaged structures in the protozoa and is not a cell death pathway. Death mechanisms of pathogenic trypanosomatids may be involved in pathogenesis, and the identification of parasite-specific regulators could represent a rational and attractive alternative target for drug development for these neglected diseases.
datePublished:2019-01-30T00:00:00Z
dateModified:2019-01-30T00:00:00Z
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Parasitic infection
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